Mrunmay Phanse 
What is a fifth freedom flight? A simple guide to the nine freedoms of the air, how fifth freedom flights work, real examples from Singapore Airlines and Qantas, Air India’s history, how to spot and book one, and how they differ from codeshares and sixth freedom hubs.
Turbofan vs turboprop explained: how each engine works, bypass ratio, speed, range, runways and fuel efficiency, with the ATR 72-600 and Embraer E195-E2 compared.
Airline alliances explained: Star Alliance (26 airlines), SkyTeam (18) and oneworld (15). Members, network size, benefits for passengers, and which alliance Air India belongs to.
Turbulence rarely threatens a modern airliner, but it injures people who are not belted in. FAA injury data, types and levels of turbulence, SQ321 and IndiGo 6E2142, and how to stay safe.
Planes cruise around 35,000 feet because thin air saves fuel while still letting wings and engines work. How high planes fly in km, why not higher or lower, and flights in India.
A codeshare flight is one flight sold by several airlines under different flight numbers. Here is how codeshares work, where to check in, which baggage rules apply and who is responsible.
A narrowbody aircraft is an airliner with a single aisle and up to six seats per row. Here is what counts as one, how it differs from a widebody, and which models fly today.
ETOPS lets twin-engine jets fly routes far from the nearest airport. Learn the full form, the 120, 180 and 370-minute limits, ETOPS vs EDTO, and what happens if an engine fails.
A widebody aircraft is an airliner with two aisles and seven to ten seats per row. Meaning, examples, a list of current models, seats, range and widebodies in India.
